uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/104.emlG.RobertsonMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895RandyJacksonUniversity of Wisconsin

US

(608)262-1390rdjackson@wisc.edu0000-0002-8033-1250RandyJacksonUniversity of Wisconsin

US

(608)262-1390rdjackson@wisc.edu0000-0002-8033-1250original investigatorStaceyVanderWulpMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 671-2339(269) 671-2333vanderws@msu.eduprincipal contactSvenBohmMichigan State University

3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US

(269) 205-3821(269 )671-2333bohms@msu.edu0000-0002-6224-7848data managerLawrenceOatesUniversity of Wisconsin

MadisonWisconsin53706US

oates@wisc.edu0000-0003-4829-7600principal contact2026-04-17

original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/104

LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesbnppbelowgroundproductionrootscarbonnitrogenbiomassprimaryproductionPrimary ProductionLTER Core Research Areafarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192008-01-012014-01-01Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERThe cropping systems of the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment (BCSE) range from annual crops to perennial monoculture grasses and mixed communities. Different sampling methods are needed to measure belowground net primary production (BNPP) in these diverse systems. For annual crops, root biomass is sampled by excavating a single plant (Kellogg Biological Station, KBS) or a known soil area (Arlington, ARL). For perennial crops, root biomass is sampled from ~1 m deep cores and fine root production is estimated from in-growth cores buried at the beginning of the growing season. In general, root sampling occurs at peak biomass, which means physiological maturity for annuals and pre-senescence for perennials.Data Managerhttp://glbrc.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/157Perennial crops Surface fine-root production: Root in-growth cores Fine root production is estimated from root in-growth cores (Bledsoe 1999, Fahey et al. 1999). Two 2-mm mesh cores that measure 5-cm diameter × 13-cm long containing native soil medium are installed at each permanent station within treatment plot at the beginning of the growing season (April/early May). The cores are placed randomly in the interstitial space among vegetation. To determine an approximate peak standing crop, one of the two cores at each sampling station is harvested at mid-season (mid-July) and the other is harvested at the end of the season (October). The roots are washed free of soil over a 2-mm sieve, dried at 60 °C for 48 h, and weighed. Subsurface standing stock To allocate fine root production to depths below 13-cm, we will sample standing stock of live and dead root biomass to ~1 m at season’s end (October). Three sets of 3 cores 5-cm diameter × 1-m long will be randomly located and removed from each treatment plot. Cores will be segmented in pre-determined soil horizons. Roots are washed free of soil over a 2-mm sieve, separated into live and dead components, dried at 60 °C for 48 h, and weighed. To account for spatial variability in fine root production, these 1-m deep cores will be removed along plant density gradients moving out from the center of a bunchgrass into the interstitial space. Differences in the distribution of root biomass beneath plants and in the interstitial areas will be modeled as a function of plant functional type cover. Annual crops Annual fine and tap root production In annual crops, plant excavations at the time of plant physiological maturity are used to index belowground primary productivity. All plants in a 1 × 1 m area are excavated, aboveground biomass is discarded and the soil and roots are removed to the laboratory. The roots are washed free of soil over a 2-mm sieve, dried at 60 °C for 48 h, and weighed.Data Managerhttp://glbrc.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/124https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/231Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Root Biomass and Total Carbon and Nitrogen of Annual Crops (GLBRC089-001)Biomass and total carbon and nitrogen content of roots of BCSE annual crops (G1-G4) at physiological maturity. At KBS, the roots of a single plant are collected at each sampling station; at Arlington, all roots within one square meter are collected. In this datatable, KBS root biomass data are averaged across sampling stations (by replicate block) because biomass samples are composited by replicate for total carbon and nitrogen analysis; root biomass by station can be found in datatable/451. Arlington root data are given by station in this table because each station sample is analyzed for total carbon and nitrogen.Rot+Biomas+and+Total+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+of+Anual+Crops.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/231.csvyearyear of the growing seasonintegersample_datesample dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of biomass collectionlocation of biomass collectiontreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested in treatmentreplicate nested in treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationwi_plot_idArlington Wisconsin plot codenumberintegerspeciescrop where roots were collectedcrop where roots were collectedbnpp_g_m2Below ground root biomass. KBS root biomass is averaged by replicate. Arlington is given by station. gramsPerSquareMeterrealpercent_carbonpercent total carbon in rootsgramsPerHectogramrealpercent_nitrogenpercent total nitrogen in rootsgramsPerHectogramrealc_g_m2Percent total carbon X root biomass in g/m2. KBS biomass is averaged by replicate; Arlington has CN data and biomass for each station. realn_g_m2Percent total nitrogen X root biomass in g/m2. KBS biomass is averaged by replicate; Arlington has CN data and biomass for each station.realcommentssample notessample noteshttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/302Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Fine Root Production of Perennial Crops by Ingrowth Cores (GLBRC089-002)Fine root production of BCSE perennial treatments (G5-G10) estimated by the ingrowth core method. Two ingrowth cores were buried in the soil at the beginning of the growing season at each sampling station (S1-S3); one was collected mid-season and the other at the end of the season to determine an approximate peak standing root biomass or belowground net primary production (BNPP).Fine+Rot+Production+of+Perenial+Crops+by+Ingrowth+Cores.csvNone411\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/302.csvyearyear of growing season3000.0integerdate_installedThe date that the root ingrowth core was installed.YYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sample_dateThe date that the root ingrowth core was removed.YYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperiment treatmentexperiment treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationdepth_bottomLower depth of the root core. Upper core area is at surface.centimeterrealcore_areaarea of the root core tubesquareCentimetersrealspeciescrop plantscrop plantsbiomass_g_m2root biomassgramsPerSquareMeterrealcampaigndistinct research activitydistinct research activitywi_plot_idplot identifier used only by Arlington siteintegercommentsnotes about the data rownotes about the data rowhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/304Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Root Biomass of Perennial Crops by Depth (GLBRC089-003)Root (live plus dead) biomass of BCSE perennial treatments (G5-G10) sampled at the end of the growing season by deep cores (1 meter) taken along a gradient from center of the dominant plant species, adjacent to plant, to interstitial between plants and sectioned into four depth intervals or by excavation of a 1 meter deep pit removed at two depth intervals. Note that root biomass of deep cores is not scaled to plant density and should not be used as a direct measure of standing root biomass.Rot+Biomas+of+Perenial+Crops+by+Depth.csvNone331\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/304.csvyearyear of the growing seasonintegersample_datedate the roots were collectedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmenttransect_positionlocation along plant density gradients moving out from the center of a bunchgrass into the interstitial spacelocation along plant density gradients moving out from the center of a bunchgrass into the interstitial spacespeciesdominant plant species at centerdominant plant species at centerdepth_toptop depth of the root corecentimeterrealdepth_bottombottom depth of the root corecentimeterrealbiomass_g_m2Root biomass given as area. Note that depths vary.gramsPerSquareMeterrealroot_weightdry root weight in the core sectiongramrealarea_sampledarea of the core or the pitsquareCentimetersrealcommentsdata notesdata noteswi_plot_idplot identifier used only by Arlington Wisconsin siteplot identifier used only by Arlington Wisconsin sitehttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/432Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Root Biomass of Cover Crops (GLBRC089-004)Root biomass of cover crops in BCSE annual treatments with cover crop rotations (G2-G4) sampled at the time of cover crop harvest at KBS in 2013. The roots from individual cover crop plants (ex. rye) were excavated and the plant density was used to determine the belowground net primary production (BNPP) of cover crops in grams/meter2.Rot+Biomas+of+Cover+Crops.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/432.csvyearyear of harvestYYYY11987-4-18sample_datecollection dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of biomass collectionlocation of biomass collectiontreatmentexperimental treatment experimental treatment replicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationspeciesbiomass cropbiomass cropbnpp_g_m2cover crop root biomass. Sampled as an individual plant and adjusted to area using plant density.gramsPerSquareMeterrealroot_weight_groot weight from 1 cover crop plantgramrealplant_population_m2Number of plants of given species per meter squared.squareMeterrealwi_plot_idfield code used at Arlington Wisconsin Intensive siteintegerhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/449Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Production and Total Carbon and Nitrogen of Perennial Fine Roots by Ingrowth Cores (GLBRC089-006)Fine root production and total carbon and nitrogen content of BCSE perennial treatments (G5-G10) by the ingrowth core method. Two ingrowth cores were buried vertically to a depth of 15 cm at the beginning of the growing season at each sampling station (S1-S3); one was collected mid-season and the other at the end of the season to determine an approximate peak standing biomass or belowground net primary production (BNPP). This datatable contains the biomass and total carbon and nitrogen content of the roots produced, as well as C and N stocks on an areal basis. KBS data are averaged by replicate in this table because KBS root samples were composited by replicate for CN analysis. Biomass data by station are available for both KBS and Arlington at: http://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/302Production+and+Total+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+of+Perenial+Fine+Rots+by+Ingrowth+Cores.csvNone371\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/449.csvyearyear of growing season3000.0integerdate_installedThe date that the root ingrowth core was installed.YYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sample_dateThe date that the root ingrowth core was removed.YYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperiment treatmentexperiment treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationcore_areaarea of the root core tubesquareCentimetersrealplantscrop plantscrop plantsdepth_bottomLower depth of the root core. Upper core area is at surface.centimeterrealbiomass_g_m2root biomass to given depthgramsPerSquareMeterrealwi_plot_idplot identifier used only by Arlington siteintegercampaigndistinct research activitydistinct research activitycommentnotes about the data rownotes about the data rowpercent_nitrogenroot nitrogen as percentgramsPerHectogramrealpercent_carbonroot carbon as percentgramsPerHectogramrealn_g_m2Percent nitrogen X BNPP in g/m2. Data at KBS are averaged by replicate; Arlington has CN data and BNPP for each station.gramsPerSquareMeterrealc_g_m2percent carbon X BNPP in g/m2. Data at KBS are averaged by station; Arlington has CN data and BNPP for each station.gramsPerSquareMeterrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/451Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Root Biomass of Annual Crops (GLBRC089-007)Root biomass of BCSE annual crops (G1-G4) at physiological maturity as as estimate of belowground net primary production (BNPP). At KBS, the roots of a single plant are collected at each sampling station (S1-S3); at Arlington, all roots within one square meter are collected. These root samples were also analyzed for total carbon and nitrogen; data are at http://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/449.Rot+Biomas+of+Anual+Crops.csvNone321\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/451.csvyearyear of the growing seasonintegersample_datesample dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sitelocation of biomass collectionlocation of biomass collectiontreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested in treatmentreplicate nested in treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationwi_plot_idArlington Wisconsin plot codenumberintegerspeciescrop where roots were collectedcrop where roots were collectedroot_weightdry root weight per core areagramrealbnpp_g_m2Below ground root biomass. KBS root biomass is averaged by station. Arlington is given by station. gramsPerSquareMeterrealplant_population_m2plant populations per meter squarenumberPerMeterSquaredrealcommentssample notessample notescampaignsample campaignsample campaignhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/463Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Total Carbon and Nitrogen of Perennial Fine Roots by Ingrowth Cores (GLBRC089-008)Total carbon and nitrogen content of fine roots of BCSE perennial treatments (G5-G10) collected from ingrowth cores. Roots were sampled two times during the growing season: mid-season and at the end of the season. At KBS, roots are composited by replicate before CN analysis; at Arlington, roots from all stations are analyzed.Total+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+of+Perenial+Fine+Rots+by+Ingrowth+Cores.csvNone311\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/463.csvyearyear of the growing seasonYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18sample_datethe date that the root ingrowth core was removedYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmenttreatment_namedescription of the treatmentdescription of the treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling locationsampling locationpercent_carbonroot carbon as percentgramsPerHectogramrealpercent_nitrogenroot nitrogen as percentgramsPerHectogramrealwi_plot_idArlington Wisconsin plot identifierintegercommentnotes about the data rownotes about the data row@thesis{citation_3596, author = {Laura Szymanski}, title = {Soil microbial respiration and carbon turnover under perennial and annual biofuel crops in two agricultural soils}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin- Madison}, year = {2015}, journal = {Thesis}, series = {Thesis} } @thesis{citation_3596, author = {Laura Szymanski}, title = {Soil microbial respiration and carbon turnover under perennial and annual biofuel crops in two agricultural soils}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin- Madison}, year = {2015}, journal = {Thesis}, series = {Thesis} } @thesis{citation_3596, author = {Laura Szymanski}, title = {Soil microbial respiration and carbon turnover under perennial and annual biofuel crops in two agricultural soils}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin- Madison}, year = {2015}, journal = {Thesis}, series = {Thesis} }