uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/118.emlDeep Core Soil Surveys–Biofuel Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2008 to 2022)G.RobertsonMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895RandyJacksonUniversity of WisconsinUS(608)262-1390rdjackson@wisc.edu0000-0002-8033-1250SvenBohmMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 205-3821(269 )671-2333bohms@msu.edu0000-0002-6224-7848data managerGreggSanfordUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin53706USgregg.r.sanford@gmail.com0000-0001-5019-9095original investigatorKevinKahmarkMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US269-671-2330kahmark@msu.eduprincipal contactStaceyVanderWulpMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 671-2339(269) 671-2333vanderws@msu.eduprincipal contact2026-04-17Dataset Abstractoriginal data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/118LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat Lakessoiltexturesandsiltclayfarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192008-01-012017-12-07Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERThe relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay in soils determines soil texture and affects soil characteristics such as nutrient retention and leaching and water holding capacity and drainage. The hydrometer method of particle size analysis calculates the physical proportions of these soil particles based on their settling rates in an aqueous solution and identifies three size classes: sand (2000 – 50 µm), silt (50 – 2.0 µm) and clay < 2.0 µm. This method uses the ASTM 152H-Type hydrometer and is based on a standard temperature of 20 oC and a particle density of 2.65 g cm-3; units are expressed as grams of soil per liter.Particle Size Analysis ‒ Hydrometer MethodData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/108Soils of the GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment (BSCE) and Scale-Up Experiment are sampled to measure and monitor a variety of physical and chemical factors, including soil bulk density, texture, pH, moisture, organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, and several other nutrients. Both surface and deep-core soil samples are collected. Currently surface samples to 25 cm are collected in annual crop treatments on an annual basis and analyzed for inorganic nitrogen and for fertilizer recommendations and collected in perennial crop treatments every three years. Deep-core sampling to 1 meter occurs every 5 to 10 years to primarily examine long-term changes in organic carbon and nitrogen.Soil Sampling of BCSE and Scale-Up ExperimentData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/158Soil total carbon and nitrogen as well as the ratio of C:N are important attributes of soil fertility. Both total C and N are measured by a combustion method that does not differentiate between organic and inorganic forms of the elements. In most soils, inorganic N is a tiny fraction of total N so total N is synonymous with organic N. Inorganic C, on the other hand, can be a significant portion of total C in soils with carbonate minerals. Extensive testing of KBS surface soils has shown soil inorganic C to be non-detectable; thus total C in KBS surface soils is synonymous with total organic carbon (TOC).
However, carbonates may still be present in deep or recently limed soils, which must be tested for inorganic carbon and, if present, the carbonates removed via acid fumigation (described below) prior to total C analysis. Inorganic C can also be analyzed separately via the inorganic C protocol.
To measure total C and N, subsamples of dried, finely ground soil are weighed into small foil capsules that are combusted in an automated CHN analyzer that measures the amount of released CO2 and N2 by gas chromatography. Final values are expressed as the percentage of carbon or nitrogen in dry soil. If inorganic C has been confirmed to be absent, removed, or analyzed separately and subtracted, values can be expressed as total organic C.
Sampling frequency depends on experiment and research objectives. Since 2001, soils of the LTER Main Cropping System Experiment are analyzed for total C and N as part of the decadal deep soil core (whole profile) sampling program, usually in late fall of wheat years.Soil Total Carbon and NitrogenData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/37The Costech Elemental Combustion System 4010 is an automated combustion analyzer used to determine total carbon and nitrogen in soil and plant samples. This system employees a helium carrier gas to bring combustion gases to a gas chromatographic separation column and thermal conductivity detector. More information about the analyzer can be obtained from Costech Analytical Technologies (26074 Avenue Hall, Suite 13, Valencia, CA 91355 – USA or http://www.costechanalytical.com/)
For preparation and analysis of plant material, see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/40. For preparation and analysis of soil, see https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/37.Costech Elemental Combustion System CHNS-O (ECS 4010)Data Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/148https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/223Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Texture of Deep Cores (GLBRC088-016)Percent sand, silt and clay of deep core soil samples from BCSE treatments (G1-G10), analyzed by soil depth interval. Soil texture is assigned from this particle size analysis.Soil+Texture+of+Dep+Cores.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/223.csvsample_datedate of sample collectionYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmenttop_depthtop depth of soil samplecentimeterrealbottom_depthbottom depth of soil samplecentimeterrealsandsand content of soil in percentgramsPerHectogramrealsiltsoil silt content in percentgramsPerHectogramrealclayclay content of soil in percentgramsPerHectogramrealtexturesoil texture according the USDA texture trianglesoil texture according the USDA texture trianglewi_plot_idArlington Wisconsin plot identifierintegerhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/242Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Agronomic Soil Chemistry of Deep Cores (GLBRC093-002)Agronomic soil chemistry of deep core soil samples from all BCSE treatments (G1-G10) sent to a soil analytical laboratory for nutrient recommendations and analyzed by soil interval for pH, lime index, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter. Note that soil intervals are composited by replicate (across sampling stations) for analysis.Agronomic+Soil+Chemistry+of+Dep+Cores.csvNone371\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/242.csvsample_datedate of sample collectionYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentmain_or_microplotwhether the main or micoplot was sampledwhether the main or micoplot was sampledcampaigntype of soil samplingtype of soil samplingtop_depthupper soil sampling depthcentimeterintegerbottom_depthlower soil sampling depthcentimeterintegerphpH of soil solutiondimensionlessreallime_indexindicator of potential acidityrealp_ppmphosphorus concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealk_ppmpotassium concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealca_ppmcalcium concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealmg_ppmmagnesium concentrationmilligramsPerKilogramrealest_cecCation exchange capacity in meq/100g soilmilliEquivalentsPerHundredGramrealom_percentorganic matter percentgramsPerHectogramreallabthe lab that performed the analysisthe lab that performed the analysishttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/395Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Horizons of Deep Cores (GLBRC093_004)Soil horizons as identified from deep soil cores of all BCSE treatments (G1-G10) sampled in 2008 and sectioned into depth intervals.Soil+Horizons+of+Dep+Cores.csvNone301\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/395.csvyearsample yearYYYY11987-4-18sample_datesampling dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperimental locationexperimental locationtreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentstationsampling stationsampling stationtop_depthtop depth of soil samplecentimeterrealbottom_depthbottom depth of soil samplecentimeterrealhorizonsoil horizon namesoil horizon namewi_plot_idArlington Wisconsin plot identifierinteger