uid=KBS,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgalluid=sbohm,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=orgallpublicreadhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/98.emlGreenhouse Gas Fluxes—GLBRC Biofuel Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2008 to 2024)G.RobertsonMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 760-8364(269)671-2351robert30@msu.edu0000-0001-9771-9895RandyJacksonUniversity of WisconsinUS(608)262-1390rdjackson@wisc.edu0000-0002-8033-1250LawrenceOatesUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin53706USoates@wisc.edu0000-0003-4829-7600KevinKahmarkMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US269-671-2330kahmark@msu.eduMargaretOstromMichigan State University236A Natural Science Bldg.East LansingMI48824(517) 353-9768(517)353-8787ostrom@msu.eduNathanielOstromMichigan State University236B Natural Science Bldg.East LansingMI48824US(517) 355-4661(517)353-8787ostromn@msu.eduAshimDattaMichigan State UniversityUSdattaash@msu.edu0000-0002-1843-9981KevinKahmarkMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US269-671-2330kahmark@msu.eduprincipal contactHsun-YiHsiehMichigan State UniversityUShsiehhs7@msu.edu0000-0003-2245-3695data managerSvenBohmMichigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI49060US(269) 205-3821(269 )671-2333bohms@msu.edu0000-0002-6224-7848data manager2026-06-07Dataset Abstractoriginal data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/98LTERKBSKellogg Biological StationHickory CornersMichiganGreat LakesfluxmethanecarbondioxidenitrousoxidetracegasgasDisturbanceInorganic NutrientsLTER Core Research Areafarmingbiotahttps://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=15Data in the KBS LTER core database may not be published without written permission of the lead investigator or project director. These restrictions are intended mainly to preserve the primary investigators' rights to first publication and to ensure that data users are aware of the limitations that may be associated with any specific data set. These restrictions apply to both the baseline data set and to the data sets associated with specific LTER-supported subprojects.All publications of KBS data and images must acknowledge KBS LTER support.The areas around the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan-85.404699-85.36685742.42026542.3910192008-06-052024-11-04Kellogg Biological StationData Managerlter.data.manager@kbs.msu.eduhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu02vkce854KBS LTERAgricultural soils can serve as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs). To measure the flux of biogenic GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from soil, we use static flux chambers and withdraw four gas samples over the course of an hour to determine changes in chamber gas concentration over that time interval. CH4 and N2O are determined by gas chromatography; CO2 by either infrared gas analysis or spectroscopy. Fluxes are expressed as grams or kilograms of elemental gas per hectare per day.
Sampling Frequency: Depends on the experiment, time of year, and research objective. As part of our sampling program of the LTER Main Cropping System Experiment (MCSE), GHG fluxes are measured weekly to monthly throughout the growing season (since 1991) and monthly throughout the winter (since 2013). Fluxes are often episodic and associated with major agronomic events like tillage and fertilization.Greenhouse Gas Fluxes - Static Chamber MethodData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/113Agricultural soils can serve as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG). To instantaneously measure the flux of GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from soil, we use an Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (ICOS) instrument (Los Gatos Research, Inc.) with an inline Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA), both mounted on an electric-powered John Deere Gator making the ICOS unit conveniently mobile (MICOS). The instrumentation is connected to a round stainless steel chamber with ¼” OD Teflon tubing that recirculates chamber headspace between the instrument and chamber. A web application calculates the slope of changes in GHG concentrations over time (ppm/min) and provides a final flux value for each trace gas. For sampling of LTER plots, a five-minute closure period (1-2 min equilibration included) is sufficient for each flux measurement, though timing can vary. Fluxes are expressed as grams of gas (N2O-N for example) per hectare per day (g/ha/d) or ug/m2/hr. The data are stored on a server and can be downloaded after sampling.
Sampling Frequency: Depends on the experiment, time of year, and research objective. Fluxes are often episodic and associated with major agronomic events like tillage and fertilization. Winter fluxes may be measured by manual static chamber methods if conditions are not conducive to MICOS sampling. Extensive testing has established no measurement bias between the two methods.Greenhouse Gas Fluxes - Recirculating Chamber MethodData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/196The amount of water or moisture in a given mass of soil is highly variable and is important to measure in field studies because it affects microbial activity, nutrient movement, and plant growth. To measure soil moisture content by the gravimetric method, a subsample of a fresh, sieved composite sample or a fresh soil core is weighed, oven dried until there is no further mass loss, and then reweighed. The moisture content is expressed as mass of water per mass of dry soil.
Sampling frequency: Depends on experiment and research objective. Soil moisture is routinely measured as part of our LTER core soil sampling for inorganic N, N mineralization, and greenhouse gas fluxes.Soil Moisture ‒ GravimetricData Managerhttp://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/24https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/209Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (GLBRC085-001)Fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from soils of all BCSE treatments (G1-G10) measured either by extracting gas samples from static gas flux chambers and analysis by gas chromatography/infrared gas analyzer (gc) or since 2018 by recirculating flow from the flux chamber through an integrated cavity output spectroscopy (icos) unit. Fluxes are corrected to the 3- meter air temperature at 10 am on the day chamber gases were sampled.Grenhouse+Gas+Fluxes.csvNone431\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/209.csvsample_datedate of samplingYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18siteexperiment locationexperiment locationexperimentGLBRC studyGLBRC studytreatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentsubplotmicroplots. Also, "no_cover" represents small plots with cover crop removed for a 2-year study to investigate the effects of the presence or absence of cover crops on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions carried out by Neville Millar.microplots. Also, "no_cover" represents small plots with cover crop removed for a 2-year study to investigate the effects of the presence or absence of cover crops on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions carried out by Neville Millar.methodThe analysis methods used (gc or icos)The analysis methods used (gc or icos)n2o_ngas flux of nitrous oxide as NgramsPerHectarePerDayrealch4_cgas flux of methane as carbongramsPerHectarePerDayrealco2_cgas flux of carbon dioxide as carbongramsPerHectarePerDayrealtemperatureAir temperature used to correct the gas flux. KBS air temperature is measured at 10 am at 3 meters above the ground. celsiusrealchamberthe chamber measured. Most of the time only one chamber was measured but sometimes 2 chambers were measured. the chamber measured. Most of the time only one chamber was measured but sometimes 2 chambers were measured. https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/329Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Temperature at Greenhouse Gas Sampling (GLBRC085-003)Soil temperature measured at 1 inch below the soil surface during sampling of greenhouse gases from static chambers.Soil+Temperature+at+Grenhouse+Gas+Sampling.csvNone231\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/329.csvsample_datemeasurement dateYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18treatmentexperimental treatmentexperimental treatmentreplicatereplicate nested within treatmentreplicate nested within treatmentsoil_temperaturesoil temperaturecelsiusrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/346Kellogg Biological Station LTER: Soil Moisture at Greenhouse Gas Sampling (GLBRC085-005)Gravimetric soil moisture of surface soil samples (0-25 cm) taken once in each plot during each greenhouse gas sampling campaign.Soil+Moisture+at+Grenhouse+Gas+Sampling.csvNone251\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/346.csvsample_dateThe day the sample was takenYYYY-MM-DD11987-4-18SiteThe site the sample was taken fromThe site the sample was taken fromtreatmentThe plot treatment designationThe plot treatment designationreplicateThe replicate designationThe replicate designationchamberchamber that the sample is associated withchamber that the sample is associated withmoisturegravimetric soil moisture (weight/weight)gramsPerGramrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/759Kellogg Biological Station LTER: N2O fluxes and N15 site preference data from Ostrom et al. 2021 (GLBRC085-010)N2O flux and N15 site preference measurements from Ostrom et al. (2021) N2O+fluxes+and+N15+site+preference+data+from+Ostrom+et+al.+2021.csvNone281\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/759.csvtreatmenttreatment in BCSEtreatment in BCSEreplicateblock in treatmentblock in treatmentsite_preferencethe intramolecular site preference of 15N fractionation in tropospheric N2O by spectroscopypermilrealn2o_fluxgas flux of nitrous oxide as NgramsPerHectarePerDayrealclosure_time_in_hourchamber closure time for n2o flux estimatehourrealhttps://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datatables/781Kellogg Biological Station LTER: N2O, CO2, and CH4 by ICOS and TGA (GLBRC085-012)WARNING : in development QC needed.
The purpose of this experiment is to study the spatial variablity for 2 of the BCSE treatments. G1 and G5. Six chambers were deployed on each plot of replicate 1 in the BCSE and the trace gases measured using a LGR ICOS (N2O) and a Licor TGA (CO2 and CH4). N2O,+CO2,+and+CH4+by+ICOS+and+TGA.csvNone271\ncolumn,no"\https://data.sustainability.glbrc.org/datatables/781.csvdatetimethe sample date and time in UTCYYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss11987-4-18chamber_namethe name of the chamber sampledthe name of the chamber sampledn2o_flux_g_ha_daythe N2O-N flux.gramsPerHectarePerDayrealco2_flux_kg_ha_dayCO2-C fluxkilogramsPerHectarePerDayrealch4_flux_g_ha_dayCH4-C fluxgramsPerHectarePerDayrealair_temperature_cair temperaturecelsiusrealchamber_height_cmchamber heightcentimeterrealsample_idinternal sample idinternal sample id